![]() Through Egypt's influence, kohl usage persisted in the subsequent Babylonian, Greek and Roman empires. Often composed of galena malachite and charcoal or soot, crocodile stool honey and water was added to keep the kohl from running. Kohl was used to mask the eyes, believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the soul, by both men and women. Records from around 4000 BC refer to a substance called kohl that was used to darken eyelashes, eyelids, and eyebrows. History Īesthetic adornment is a cultural universal and mascara can be documented in ancient Egypt. Latin treatises sometimes used the word mascara when referring to witches. ![]() The Hebrew word משקרות (MaSQROTh) as relating to women's eyes is found in Isaiah 3:16. There is even strong support for a possible source from the Arabic word maskharah or 'buffoon'. A related Catalan word describes soot or a black smear, and the Portuguese word máscara means 'mask' and mascarra means dark stain or smut. ![]() The Spanish word máscara meaning 'mask' or 'stain', and the Italian word maschera meaning 'mask' are possible origins. The source of the word mascara is unclear. Lynn advises in Lynn's Practical Hints for Making-up, "to darken eyelashes, paint with mascara, or black paint, with a small brush." ![]() For darkening the eyebrow and moustaches without greasing them and making them prominent." In 1890, the Century Dictionary defined mascara as "a kind of paint used for the eyebrows and eyelashes by actors." And in 1894, N. In 1886, the Peck & Snyder Catalogue advertises, "Mascaro or Water Cosmetique. The OED also references mascaro from works published in the late 19th century. The Collins English Dictionary defines mascara as "a cosmetic substance for darkening, lengthening, curling, coloring, and thickening the eyelashes, applied with a brush or rod." The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) adds that mascara is occasionally used on the eyebrows as well. 5.1 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). ![]()
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